https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7846503/
The only review of research on the subject I've found.
In summary: If a person has gone through male puberty, they have very large advantages in every sport where upper body strength, body size or bone density is an advantage. This remains a large difference at least three years after blocking testosterone down to female levels, probably longer (possibly even life long advantages, since the research cited compares what happens to average Trans women, which are already weaker than the average man and therefore has less muscle mass to lose,while a male elite athlete, who transitions, has a lot more muscle mass than the average man).