PCGAmes reports that the Cascadia mod for Fallout 4 brings back some skills:

Medicine, Guns, Speech - RPG skills return to Fallout 4 in the Cascadia mod

If you're dissatisfied with Fallout 4 and its perceived lack of RPG mechanics, mod Fallout Cascadia could be perfect for you. 

 

The mod is an expansion project that takes place in 2329 after the previous Fallout games, in Seattle. You can't use your Fallout 4 saves, but that's because the mod uses classic Fallout skills from the way the games used to be rather than the new revamped system. 

So essentially instead of featuring the S.P.E.C.I.A.L. stats, things like Guns, Medicine and Speech can be assigned and manipulated. It will also feature skill checks and "alternative options" for anyone who misses the flow of the older games as well.

[...]

Thanks Farflame!